Blepharospasm is a neurological disorder characterized by intermittent, involuntary spasms and contractions of the orbicularis oculi, or eyelid, muscles around both eyes, causing abnormal twitching or blinking and, in extreme cases, sustained eyelid closure resulting in functional blindness. It is one form of a group of movement disorders called dystonia and may occur as a primary condition, known as benign essential blepharospasm, or secondary to other disorders such as dry eyes, Meige's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis. About 2,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the United States, onset typically occurs between ages 40 and 60, and the condition is more than twice as frequent among women as men.
Facts
Classification
ICD-10 ChapterVII: Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa 2 Communicable or Non-communicable Transmission Route Causative Agent
Causative Agent (category)Idiopathic / Multifactorial 4 Sources
1. Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia Foundation
2. Wikipedia: ICD-10
WikipediaList of chapters, Chapter VIIQuote, List of chapters, Chapter VII
Diseases of the eye and adnexa
3. Wikipedia: Non-communicable disease
WikipediaLead section, transmission-route statement (inferred from disease-category)
NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others.
Named examples section
NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others.
View the Source 4. Blepharospasm (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharospasm, lead section
Blepharospasm is a neurological disorder characterized by intermittent, involuntary spasms and contractions of the orbicularis oculi (eyelid) muscles around both eyes. These result in abnormal twitching or blinking, and in the extreme, sustained eyelid closure
Article text - causative-agent
However, blepharospasm is now known to involve several regions of the brain and to be a multifactorial condition in which "one or several as yet unknown genes together with epigenetic and environmental factors combine to reach the threshold that induces the disease".
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