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CAR T-Cell Therapy

Oncologic Therapy

CAR T-cell therapy is a cancer treatment in which a patient's own T cells, a type of immune cell, are removed from the blood and genetically engineered to carry a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, that lets the modified cells recognize and attack cancer cells bearing a specific target antigen. The engineered cells, grown in large numbers outside the body, are then infused back into the patient, where they act as what researchers have called a living drug, multiplying and attacking tumor cells that carry the targeted antigen. Because the receptor is engineered to bind an antigen expressed on the tumor but ideally not on healthy tissue, CAR T-cell therapy is designed to concentrate its effect on cancer cells while limiting damage to normal cells, though it remains a complex, individually manufactured treatment used mainly for certain blood cancers.

Facts
Disputed
Origin Year
2017 1
The chimeric receptor concept was described in 1987 and first entered clinical trial in the mid-1990s; this fact records 2017, the year the FDA granted the first two CAR T-cell therapy approvals (tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel), the point the treatment became a real available therapy rather than an experimental construct.
Classification
Status
Standard of Care 1
CAR T-Cell Therapy
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FAQs

What side effects of CAR T-cell therapy are of particular concern?

The two named concerns are cytokine release syndrome and neurologic problems called ICANS.

The National Cancer Institute names two side effects of particular concern. One is cytokine release syndrome, shortened to CRS. The other is a group of neurologic problems that are collectively called immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, shortened to ICANS.
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Treats

Sources
1. Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia FoundationClinical use statusView the Source
CAR T cell (Wikipedia)
CAR T cell - History and regulatory approval section
Quote, CAR T cell - History and regulatory approval section
These trials ultimately led in the US to the FDA's first two approvals of CAR T cells in 2017, those for tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah)...and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta)
View the Source
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