Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example as a side effect of a drug. Its effects can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent, and can result in sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both. It has been recognized since the 19th century. Many well-known ototoxic drugs are prescribed in clinical practice despite the risk of hearing disorders, because they treat very serious health conditions. They include aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin and tobramycin, loop diuretics such as furosemide, and platinum-based chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin. A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have also been shown to be ototoxic, and some environmental and occupational chemicals affect the auditory system and interact with noise.