Physiologists, Anatomists and Natural Historians of Medicine

Galvani presented the work at the Archiginnasio di Bologna, which allowed him to start lecturing at the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna

In 1858, Gray published the first edition of Anatomy

was a German physician and physiologist

Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist

was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist

a doctor, a naturalist, a scientist, a psychologist, and a landscape painter

was a German medical doctor, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist

was an Anglo-Irish physician, naturalist, and collector

Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering (5 August 1834-26 January 1918) was a German physiologist who did much research in color vision, binocular perception, eye movements, and hyperacuity.

known as the father of modern histology

was a Scottish anatomist and ethnologist

was a Swiss physician, naturalist

was a Scottish physician, chemist and agriculturalist from Hamilton, Scotland

was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949

He was the first scientist to explain that animal and human bodily movements are caused by muscular contractions.

was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet

was a German anatomist and physiologist

museum curator and comparative anatomist

was an English pharmacologist and physiologist

was an English physiologist born near Newcastle upon Tyne

was a German anatomist and surgeon

a German physician and physiologist

was a German-American anatomist and physical anthropologist

was a German physiologist and embryologist

was a German-born Dutch anatomist

was a German physiologist and hygienist

noted for his work on nerve physiology

Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist

made him one of the most important German anatomists

was an American physiologist who was a co-recipient (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Considering his short life span, Zinn made a great contribution to the study of anatomy

On the Harmonious Relationship of Movements in the Human Body

was a British physician, physiologist and Lord Mayor of Liverpool

was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist.

was an Italian anatomist and professor

was a British surgeon, anatomist and physiologist

De fabrica et actione villorum intestinorum tenuium

Professur für Anatomie

a leading German anatomist and histopathologist of the late 19th century

was a German anatomist, anthropologist, traveller and physiologist from Cottbus

was a German physician and ornithologist

was a medical doctor and botanist born in Dötlingen, Germany

Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723-1799) was a German physician and naturalist

Buchheim is remembered for his pioneer work in experimental pharmacology.

was a German anatomist, physiologist, and biologist

was an anatomist with Swiss and German nationality who served as a chairman at the Reich University in Strasbourg during World War II

He was Professor of Anatomy of the Society from 1808 to 1824.

was a British surgeon and naturalist

was a German medical doctor, anatomist and physiologist

was a German physiologist and speech scientist

Five years later he became a full professor of anatomy and histology and director of the Anatomical Institute at the University of Bonn.

remembered for his research in the field of experimental physiology

was appointed by its president as Prosector

He is remembered for his microscopic research of the brain and spinal cord.

was a German physiologist

was a German physician, naturalist and collector

was a German physiologist born in Bonn.

was a German anatomist and professor at the University of Würzburg.

was a German physiologist, anatomist, and philosopher.

was a German physiologist and professor of physiology at the University of Bern.

He is credited with discovering the pancreatic duct in humans.

Kupffer is largely known for his work in the fields of neuroanatomy and embryology.

His most important contributions were made in embryology with a series of four exhaustive memoirs on the development of the mammalian ovum

He is especially known for his investigations of the use of electricity in medicine and the first attempts at mechanical speech synthesis.

In 1859 he became a professor of physiology at the University of Bonn

was a French surgeon, naturalist, ornithologist, and herpetologist

Heinrich Anton de Bary (26 January 1831-19 January 1888) was a German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist.

Samuel George Gottlieb Gmelin (4 July 1744-27 July 1774) was a German physician, botanist, and explorer.

Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (4 February 1776, Bremen, 16 February 1837, Bremen) was a German medical doctor, naturalist, and proto-evolutionary biologist.

Martin Heinrich Rathke (25 August 1793, Danzig, 3 September 1860, Königsberg) was a German embryologist and anatomist.

Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher (15 November 1757 in Glückstadt, Holstein, 9 December 1830) was a Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy at the University of Copenhagen.

was a German physiologist

professor of anatomy successively at the universities of Jena (1873), Königsberg (1881), and Strassburg (1883)

was a German physician, anatomist, physical anthropologist, evolutionist

a professor of theoretical medicine at the University of Tübingen, and in 1853 a professor of physiology

was a German anatomist, embryologist and histologist

He is known for his discovery of the sebaceous glands in the eyelid that are named after him, the Meibomian glands.

Beringer took an interest in oryctics or materials found under the ground.

He studied medicine, natural history and especially botany at Reims, Paris, and Leyden, qualifying in 1743.

was a Danish physician and naturalist

Naturwissenschaften und Medizin zu studieren (Promotion 1808)

als Schiffsarzt und Naturforscher teil

als Professor der Naturgeschichte und Direktor des Naturhistorischen Museums

Stettin, Prussia [now Poland], 27 December 1873; d. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 5 September 1953

was a German physician and botanist known for pioneer investigations of plant sexuality and reproduction

was a German physician and botanist born in Brieg, Silesia

was a Franco-German physician, comparative anatomist, and naturalist

was a Swiss anatomist, anthropologist, and academic

Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer (31 May 1755-28 June 1829) was a German medical doctor, botanist and entomologist.

F. gilt als Hauptvertreter der Schule Gegenbaurs

Professor der Physiologie

las nur die vergleichende Anatomie

Er selbst beschäftigte sich vorzugsweise mit den höheren Thieren und veröffentlichte eine Reihe von Monographien auf diesem Gebiete

Militärarzt und Pilzforscher

was a French physiologist at the Collège de France and immunology pioneer

She is best known for characterizing certain cellular and mechanical effects of acupuncture.

pioneered a method of transplanting nuclei from blastula cells into fresh egg cells lacking nuclei

hat sich durch die botanische Erforschung der Rheinpfalz und die Herausgabe einer Flora derselben

As an ichthyologist, he was the first to describe many previously unknown fish species from remote parts of the globe

1827 übernahm er an der neu eingerichteten Univ. München eine Professur für Allgemeine Naturgeschichte

It was, however, in the field of comparative anatomy that Jacobson won his reputation.

he assembled a large and impressive herbarium

An avid speleologist, in 1794 he provided the binomial name of Ursus spelaeus for the extinct cave bear from his analysis of bones found near the village of Muggendorf.

Boll is remembered for the discovery of rhodopsin

was a German anatomist born in Wetzlar

was a German physician and zoologist

was a German medical doctor, geologist and naturalist

biochemical aspects of mitochondrial metabolism

he wrote Phytotomie, the first major study of plant anatomy

surgeon and physiologist

Chinese-American physiologist

was a German physician and naturalist who wrote on the geology and fossils of the Nuremberg area

was a German physiologist born in Münster

After his father's death, he was awarded the chair of anatomy and botany at the university.

was a German physician and anatomist

was a German medical doctor and botanist born in Kassel

was a German medical doctor and naturalist

He was the first scientist to identify the bird Red Bishop

was a Swiss physician, ethnographer, naturalist and botanist

he became a professor of physiology, anatomy and surgery

Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (16 June 1749, Stuttgart, 27 February 1821, Tübingen) was a German physician, chemist, and naturalist.

Hans Hermann Behr (August 18, 1818, Köthen, March 6, 1904, San Francisco) was a German-American doctor, entomologist and botanist.

Ewald is best remembered for his research of the vestibular system of the inner ear

He is remembered for his large collection of amber inclusions

was a German-born physician and botanist who for 15 years was director of the Hortus Botanicus Leiden

was a German physician and botanist, and a brother to botanist Friedrich Wilhelm Schultz

the comparative anatomy of vertebrates

Heinrich August Wrisberg (20 June 1739-29 March 1808) was an anatomist.

in 1896 was habilitated as an anatomist at the University of Strasbourg

was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet

was a German physiologist

was a German medical doctor and botanist

Ihering studied medicine at the Giessen, Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen universities, working as an assistant at the zoological institute in Göttingen

He was among the first to practise zoology as a natural science, writing a first handbook about animals, Zoologia physica.

he specialized in the anatomy and diseases of the eye and became a successful oculist

he was appointed to the chair of pharmacology, pharmacognosy, chemistry and physiological history of medicine at the University of Rostock

He published research in the fields of forensic chemistry, pharmacognosy, food analysis, environmental chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and others.

was a German anatomist from Beuthen in Upper Silesia

was a German medical doctor, professor of medicine, naturalist and economist

conducting physiological studies on tetanus and human nutrition

Heidenhain is remembered for his work in comparative anatomy, embryology and histology.

was a German medical doctor, botanist and entomologist

was a German physician, botanist, entomologist and traveller

was a German medical doctor and botanist

was a German anatomist, surgeon and obstetrician

He is known for his extensive studies of Lepidoptera species native to the Maritime Southeast Asia.

was a German physician and botanist

In 1998 Achim Peters designed the basic model of the Selfish-Brain-Theory and formulated its axioms.

He also did early research concerning the physiology of the circulatory system.

was a German medical doctor and anatomist.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor at the Ryazan State Medical University

professor of experimental physics, medicine and botany at the University of Jena

Soviet Russian physiologist

he worked at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle

was a French anatomist who was a native of Frespech

discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones

was a German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel laureate

was a Russian and American medical doctor and naturalist

describing many new plant species and developing a large herbarium collection which was distributed to collections in Europe.

the co-discoverer of nerve action potential, and the developer of experimental electrophysiology

Carl von Voit is considered by many to be the "father" of modern dietetics.

He described the role of the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate for the anaerobic production of energy in the erythrocytes

Geppert is known for research involving the physiology of respiration, anesthetics and hygiene.

Gruber developed into an outstanding anatomist

His physiology laboratory in Madrid became an internationally renowned research centre and a school of scientific training.

was a German physician and physiologist

was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist

was an Italian physician and botanist, noted for his publication of Catalogus Plantarum Horti Pisani

medical doctors and botanist

His Jamaican collections became an important contribution to natural history.

was a German anatomist and physiologist

returned to Greifswald as a professor of physiology and anatomy

was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India

was a German anatomist and surgeon who was a native of Kirchhain

George Whipple and his colleagues drew blood from dogs and then gave them different types of food, while simultaneously studying the formation of new blood cells

Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger studied the properties and distribution of nerve fibers

Ludwig Julius Budge (11 September 1811, in Wetzlar, 14 July 1888, in Greifswald) was a German physiologist

he was a professor of descriptive and topographical anatomy at the University of Vienna

was a German anatomist, botanist and physician who was a native of Wittenberg

He researched the geology and botany of Carniola

was a medical doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer

was an English surgeon, zoologist, popular author and natural historian

was an American surgeon and naturalist

Comstock produced numerous books on science, including works on botany, chemistry, mineralogy, natural history and physiology

was a Scottish physician, chemist and botanist who is known for the isolation of nitrogen in 1772

was an American physician and physiologist.

was an English anatomist, surgeon, and anatomical artist most notable for his illustrations of the book Gray's Anatomy

was a Scottish surgeon and naturalist who worked in India

Ernest Henry Starling (17 April 1866-2 May 1927) was a British physiologist who contributed many fundamental ideas to this subject.

He is primarily known for his research on a proposed mechanism for acupuncture that was not accepted by the mainstream medical community, the primo-vascular system.

Li Shizhen (3 July 1518-1593), courtesy name Dongbi, was a Chinese acupuncturist, herbalist, naturalist, pharmacologist, physician, and writer of the Ming dynasty.

Paul Jules Portier (French pronunciation: [pɔl ʒyl pɔʁtje]; 22 May 1866-26 January 1962) was a French physiologist who made important contributions to the discovery of anaphylaxis and the development of symbiogenesis.

Theodor Schwann (German pronunciation: [ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈʃvan]; 7 December 1810-11 January 1882) was a German medical doctor and physiologist.

Sir William Maddock Bayliss (2 May 1860-27 August 1924) was an English physiologist.