Ludwig Julius Budge

Ludwig Julius Budge (1811 to 1888) was a German physiologist. He studied medicine at Marburg, Berlin and Wurzburg and worked as a general practitioner in Wetzlar and Altenkirchen before teaching at Bonn, where he became an associate professor in 1847. In 1856 he was appointed professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Greifswald. He is known for his investigations of the autonomic nervous system, showing that stimulating the sympathetic nerve widens the pupil while stimulating the oculomotor nerve narrows it. With Augustus Volney Waller he received the Prix Montyon of the French Academie des Sciences for work identifying the parts of the spinal cord that control the ciliary muscles, and the ciliospinal center is also called Budge center after him. With Leonard Landois he demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can stop the heart, and he also described the bile capillaries of the liver.