Condition

Malaria

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, producing cyclical fevers and chills and, in severe cases, organ failure and death. Ancient physicians associated the disease with swampy air, giving it its name from the Italian mal aria, bad air, before the parasite and its mosquito vector were identified in the late nineteenth century. It remains, per the World Health Organization, one of the world's leading causes of death among young children in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Facts
Condition Class
infectious, parasitic 4
Causative Agent
Plasmodium parasites (chiefly Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax), transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes 4
First Described
1880 1
Marks Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran's identification of the Plasmodium parasite in a patient's blood, not the disease's first recognition, which is ancient.
First Described (Era)
Intermittent fevers consistent with malaria are described in Chinese medical texts dating to around 2700 BCE and in the writings of Hippocrates, circa 400 BCE. 1
Prevalence
An estimated 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria deaths occurred worldwide in 2022, according to World Health Organization data. 5
Classification
Body System
Lymphatic or Immune System 1
ICD-10 Chapter
I: Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 2
Communicable or Non-communicable
Communicable 2
Transmission Route
Vector-Borne 3
Causative Agent
Causative Agent (category)
Parasitic 4
Malaria
Filter Results2 entries
FAQs

Where does the name malaria come from?

From the Italian mal aria, meaning bad air.

The name comes from the Italian mal aria, bad air, because ancient physicians associated the disease with swampy air. The parasite and its mosquito vector were only identified in the late nineteenth century.

How is malaria transmitted?

Through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
Connections

Associated With

Source A History of MedicineLois N. Magner
Source Infectious Disease Subspecialties Career Information
Source Medical Microbiology (Wikipedia)

Tu Youyou was inspired by a traditional Chinese medicine recipe attributed to Ge Hong, circa 340 CE, in isolating artemisinin as an antimalarial.

Source A Nobel for Natural Product Discoveries

Long-Form Articles

Treated By

Source A History of MedicineLois N. Magner
Source Artemisinin (Wikipedia)
Bloodletting, Treatments

Why this is corrected. Under humoral theory, physicians bled patients against intermittent and quartan fevers, including what would now be recognized as malaria. The practice had no effect on the parasite and often worsened outcomes through blood loss; quinine, derived from cinchona bark, became the first genuinely effective treatment from the seventeenth century onward, though this atlas does not yet carry a dedicated quinine or antimalarial-therapy treatment entity (see the gap record).

Source A History of MedicineLois N. Magner
Source Chloroquine (Wikipedia)
Source Erythrocytapheresis (Wikipedia)
Source Fowler's solution - Wikipedia

Malaria prophylaxis is medication taken to prevent and manage malaria in travelers to endemic areas.

Source Malaria vaccine (Wikipedia)

Mosquito control is a core public health measure against malaria transmission.

Source Quinine (Wikipedia)
Source Vector control (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases

Addressed By

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source About ALMA (ALMA 2030)Page text
Quote, Page text
sets the elimination of malaria as a key goal and the Catalytic Framework to end AIDS, TB and Eliminate Malaria in Africa by 2030.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: African Malaria Network TrustWikipedia summary, program classificationtier 2
Quote, Wikipedia summary, program classification
It originally started its activities as African Malaria Vaccine Testing Network (AMVTN) in 1995 with the primary goal of preparing Africa in planning and conducting malaria vaccine trials.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Against Malaria FoundationLead, first sentencetier 2
Quote, Lead, first sentence
The Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) is a UK-based charity that provides long-lasting insecticidal nets to populations at high risk of malaria, primarily in Africa.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Amazon Malaria InitiativeLead paragraph, aims sentencetier 3
Quote, Lead paragraph, aims sentence
preventing and controlling malaria and reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality in countries of the Americas

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Asia Pacific Leaders Malaria AllianceLead
Quote, Lead
is an affiliation of Asian and Pacific heads of government formed to accelerate progress against malaria

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO AFRO: Botswana launches malaria elimination campaignPage text
Quote, Page text
During the launch of the campaign the Malaria Strategic Plan was also launched.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria Journal: Accelerating Malaria Elimination in Cambodia (2022)Background, Malaria Journal 2022tier 1
Quote, Background, Malaria Journal 2022
The Malaria Elimination Action Framework (MEAF) 2016-2020 [ 1 ], written by the National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria (CNM), highlighted the implementation of aggressive approaches to reduce malaria in high-risk populations.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO China - Malaria Health Topic PageWHO China malaria health-topic page, paragraph 2, sentence 2tier 1
Quote, WHO China malaria health-topic page, paragraph 2, sentence 2
In 2010, the National Malaria Elimination Programme was launched, backed by strong political commitment and an effectively integrated approach.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source paho.org: Colombia acelera acciones para la eliminacion de la malaria con liderazgo territorial y accion comunitariaPage text
Quote, Page text
La ciudad de Montería, en el departamento de Córdoba, acogió la Reunión Nacional de Supervisores Municipales para la Eliminación de la Malaria, un espacio de articulación técnica, política y comunitaria que reunió a más de 100 actores del nivel local, departamental y nacional, entre el 24 y el 26 de septiembre de 2025.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source PNLP RDC: Historique du PNLPPage texttier 1
Quote, Page text
Considéré comme l'outil technique du gouvernement en charge de lutte contre la malaria, le PNLP traîne une longue histoire.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Ethiopia Ministry of Health: National Malaria Elimination ProgramNMEP program page, directorate paragraphtier 1
Quote, NMEP program page, directorate paragraph
National Malaria Elimination Program (NMEP) is one of the programs under the Disease Prevention and Control Directorate

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Daily Graphic: GHS Starts Malaria Elimination Programmepara on the 2021-2025 National Malaria Strategic Plan's goalstier 2
Quote, para on the 2021-2025 National Malaria Strategic Plan's goals
The current National Malaria Strategic Plan, which spanned 2021 to 2025, had three main goals; which were to reduce malaria mortality by 90 per cent, reduce malaria case incidence by 50 per cent and achieve malaria pre-elimination in at least six districts by 2025 using 2019 as a baseline.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and MalariaLead paragraph, first sentencetier 3
Quote, Lead paragraph, first sentence
The Global Fund, officially The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is an international financing and partnership organization

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Global Malaria Eradication Programme (Wikipedia)Initial WHO program (1955-1969) section, Malaria article
Quote, Initial WHO program (1955-1969) section, Malaria article
In 1955 the WHO launched the Global Malaria Eradication Program (GMEP).

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Imagine No Malaria (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
is a comprehensive anti-malaria campaign run by The United Methodist Church.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source APLMA: Indonesia Rolls Out National Roadmap for Malaria Eliminationarticle body, roadmap launchtier 1
Quote, article body, roadmap launch
the country's Ministry of Health launched a Roadmap for Malaria Elimination

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Innovative Vector Control Consortium, WikipediaIntroduction
Quote, Introduction
The Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) is a not-for-profit public-private partnership...designed to facilitate the development and delivery of new and improved vector control tools to prevent malaria and other neglected tropical diseases.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Intermittent Preventive TherapyRecommendations section, transmission-threshold sentencetier 2
Quote, Recommendations section, transmission-threshold sentence
The recommendation applies only for areas with high malaria transmission and low resistance against SP

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source jcflowersfoundation.org: Flowers InitiativePage text
Quote, Page text
The Isdell:Flowers Cross Border Malaria Initiative is comprised of more than 1,500 community malaria volunteers and health workers who encourage families to sleep under bed nets, accept indoor residual spraying, and to seek care and treatment when they are sick with a fever.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source National Malaria Control Programme Kenya, About PageAbout page, establishment statementtier 1
Quote, About page, establishment statement
The Ministry of Health established the National Malaria Control Programme, in 1994.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO AFRO: Kenya celebrates immunization as more children are reached with RTS,Sarticle, target-diseases sentencetier 1
Quote, article, target-diseases sentence
These include tuberculosis, pneumonia, diarrhea, polio, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis, meningitis, yellow fever, malaria and cervical cancer.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria Journal: Sustaining Control, Lubombo Spatial Development InitiativeResults, malaria prevalence trend paragraphtier 1
Quote, Results, malaria prevalence trend paragraph
The implementation of the LSDI resulted in a 70 % decrease in malaria prevalence in Maputo Province, Mozambique between 1999 and 2005.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Malaria Atlas ProjectArticle texttier 2
Quote, Article text
MAP was founded by Bob Snow and Simon Hay in 2005 to fill the niche for the malaria control community at a global scale.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Malaria ConsortiumLead section, definition sentence
Quote, Lead section, definition sentence
comprehensive control of malaria and other communicable diseases

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria Day in the Americas (Wikipedia)History section, establishment sentence
Quote, History section, establishment sentence
Malaria Day in the Americas was envisioned by the 46th Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization in 2005 and established in October 2007 by the 27th Pan American Sanitary Conference held in Washington, DC.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source UCSF: UCSF experts outline new strategy to eliminate malariaNews release, November 2010
Quote, News release, November 2010
Feachem, who has dedicated his career to global health, founded the Global Health Group’s Malaria Elimination Initiative in 2007 to gather new evidence to support malaria elimination in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, leading to the current series.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance, WikipediaIntroduction, formation
Quote, Introduction, formation
MESA was formed in 2012 to continue the goals of malERA through research and development of methods to fight malaria.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Malaria No MoreHistory section, paragraph 1tier 2
Quote, History section, paragraph 1
Malaria No More was established in December 2006 by business leaders looking to apply private sector expertise and entrepreneurial methods to tackling malaria.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Idealist: Malaria No More UKOrganization profile
Quote, Organization profile
We launched in 2009 to build on the unprecedented global and local momentum to end deaths from malaria, a preventable disease.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO: Malaria Vaccine Implementation ProgrammePage body, MVIP overview paragraphtier 1
Quote, Page body, MVIP overview paragraph
The vaccine has reached nearly 2 million children in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi through the Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, MVIP, since 2019.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria Control in Malawi: Current Status and Directions for the Future (PMC3345406)Introduction, history of the programmetier 1
Quote, Introduction, history of the programme
the Malawi Ministry of Health set up a Malaria Control Programme in 1984

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Medicines for Malaria Venture, WikipediaIntroduction, mission
Quote, Introduction, mission
to reduce malaria in disease-endemic countries using antimalarial drugs

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source CHW Central: Mozambique's Agentes Polivalentes ElementaresCHW Central program page, 2010 relaunch sectiontier 2
Quote, CHW Central program page, 2010 relaunch section
the APE role was expanded to include integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Results for Development: Saving One Million Lives in NigeriaR4D project page, program-structure paragraphtier 1
Quote, R4D project page, program-structure paragraph
A broad-based investment program with six distinct health pillars - immunization, malaria control, nutrition, prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV, delivery of essential medicines to address common childhood illnesses, and strengthening of MCH delivery platforms - SOML has the potential to dramatically improve maternal and child health in the country.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source President's Malaria Initiative (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a U.S. Government initiative to control and eliminate malaria, one of the leading global causes of premature death and disability.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source RBC: Malaria and Other Parasitic DiseasesPage text
Quote, Page text
We are responsible for malaria prevention, vector control and case management, as well as addressing morbidity and mortality from neglected tropical diseases and other parasitic diseases.

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Source Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action: PNLP HistoriquePage texttier 1
Quote, Page text
A ce titre il est dépositiaire de la politique de lutte contre le paludisme et définit toutes les orientations stratégiques.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria elimination in Isabel Province, Solomon Islands, Malaria JournalPage text
Quote, Page text
The Solomon Islands National Malaria Programme is currently focused on intensified control and progressive elimination.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source South African Government News: National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan statementstatement body, target yeartier 1
Quote, statement body, target year
South Africa is on track in its commitment to achieve malaria elimination status by the year 2028

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Eradication of malariaArticle texttier 3
Quote, Article text
Sri Lanka eventually achieved malaria-free status in 2016.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source MESA: National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP) of Tanzania 2021-2025para stating the NMSP 2021-2025's purposetier 1
Quote, para stating the NMSP 2021-2025's purpose
The purpose of this National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP) 2021-2025 is to provide a comprehensive technical guidance to stakeholders and development partners for the period of five years, focusing on transitioning to malaria elimination in phases in Tanzania by 2030.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Malaria in Uganda: Challenges to Control on the Long Road to Elimination (PMC3156969)Uganda malaria control program sectiontier 1
Quote, Uganda malaria control program section
established the Malaria Control Unit in 1995 and the UNMCP in 1997, with the mandate to control and prevent malaria morbidity and mortality and to minimize the negative social and economic impact of malaria in the country

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Unitaid, WikipediaMission section
Quote, Mission section
works with partners to bring about innovations to prevent, diagnose and treat major diseases in low- and middle-income countries, with an emphasis on tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Wikipedia: Nothing But NetsNothing But Nets article, founding sectiontier 2
Quote, Nothing But Nets article, founding section
The organization started in 2006 after sportswriter Rick Reilly saw a documentary on malaria while visiting Venice.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source IntechOpen: Rationale, Implementation and Effectiveness of Vietnam's Mekong Delta Malaria Control, Prevention and Elimination Program, 2015-20302030 elimination-target sectiontier 1
Quote, 2030 elimination-target section
In order for the country to progress steadily towards the 2030 global target of extensive malaria reduction, the Vietnam National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE) has been appointed to oversee efforts to reduce mortality and morbidity rates in alignment with specific province strata: zero provinces in active malaria control; 40 preventing re-establishment of transmission; and 15 in the process of eliminating malaria.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030 (publication page)Page text
Quote, Page text
It provides a comprehensive framework to guide countries in their efforts to accelerate progress towards malaria elimination.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source World Malaria Day - WikipediaHistory section
Quote, History section
World Malaria Day was established in May 2007 by the 60th session of the World Health Assembly

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source CHW Central: Zambia's Community Health Assistant ProgramNikhil Wilmink, Emily Measures, Hilda Shakwelele, Katharine Shelley and Yekoyesew WorkuBackground section, cadre aims sentencetier 2
Quote, Background section, cadre aims sentence
This cadre aims to bring primary health care (PHC) as close to the family as possible, and contribute to the improved management of malaria, maternal and child health and common preventable health conditions.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source WHO AFRO: Zambia launches the National Malaria Elimination Strategic Planarticle, launch sentencetier 1
Quote, article, launch sentence
the government of the Republic of Zambia launched the National Malaria Elimination Strategy 2017-2021

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source PMC: Operational Coverage and Timeliness of Reactive Case Detection for Malaria Elimination in Zanzibar, TanzaniaIntroduction, program renaming sentencetier 1
Quote, Introduction, program renaming sentence
the Zanzibar Malaria Control Program to the Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Program (ZAMEP)

Showing 1 to 50 of 51 in Addressed By, page 1 of 2.

Sources
1. A History of Medicine
Lois N. Magner, CRC Press
  • Primary affected body system
  • Treated By: Bloodletting
  • Treated By: Antimalarial Therapy
  • Associated With: Identification of the Malaria Parasite
2. Wikipedia: ICD-10
WikipediaList of chapters, Chapter I
Quote, List of chapters, Chapter I
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
View the Source
3. Wikipedia: Malaria
WikipediaLead section, transmission-route statement
Quote, Lead section, transmission-route statement
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes.
View the Source
4. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • Causative Agent (category): Parasitic
  • Condition Class: infectious, parasitic
  • Causative Agent: Plasmodium parasites (chiefly Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax), transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes
View the Source
5. World Health Organization Fact Sheets
  • Prevalence: An estimated 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria deaths occurred worldwide in 2022, according to World Health Organization data.
Infectious Disease Subspecialties Career Information
American College of PhysiciansAssociated With: Infectious DiseaseView the Source
A Nobel for Natural Product Discoveries
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of HealthAssociated With: Traditional Chinese MedicineView the Source
Quinine (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationTreated By: Quinine, Lead section
Quote, Treated By: Quinine, Lead section
Quinine is an alkaloid used medically to treat malaria and babesiosis.
View the Source
Artemisinin (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationTreated By: Artemisinin, Lead section
Quote, Treated By: Artemisinin, Lead section
used in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum
View the Source
Chloroquine (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationTreated By: Chloroquine, Lead section
Quote, Treated By: Chloroquine, Lead section
an antiparasitic medication that treats malaria
View the Source
Medical Microbiology (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Medical Microbiology, Commonly treated infectious diseases section, Parasitic subsection
Quote, Associated With: Medical Microbiology, Commonly treated infectious diseases section, Parasitic subsection
Malaria
View the Source
Malaria vaccine (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Malaria Vaccine, Lead: treats Malaria
Quote, Treated By: Malaria Vaccine, Lead: treats Malaria
A malaria vaccine is a vaccine that prevents malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease which affected an estimated 249 million people globally in 85 malaria-endemic countries and areas and caused 608,000 deaths in 2022.
View the Source
Erythrocytapheresis (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Erythrocytapheresis, Article text, use for Malaria
Quote, Treated By: Erythrocytapheresis, Article text, use for Malaria
This blood separation is also used in patients with severe malaria.
View the Source
Fowler's solution - Wikipedia
Treated By: Fowler's Solution, Article text, use for Malaria
Quote, Treated By: Fowler's Solution, Article text, use for Malaria
Fowler's solution consists of 1% potassium arsenite (KAsO2) in water and was first described and published as a potential treatment for malaria and syphilis in the late 1700s and was once also prescribed as a tonic.
View the Source
Vector control (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Vector Control, Importance
Quote, Treated By: Vector Control, Importance
In Africa, a child dies every minute of malaria; this is a reduction of more than 50% since 2000 due to vector control.
View the Source
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