Georg Friedrich Nicolai

Georg Friedrich Nicolai (born Lewinstein, 1874 to 1964) was a German physiologist and physician. Born in Berlin, he studied at the University of Berlin and practised medicine at the Charité, admired the work of Ivan Pavlov and with the internist Friedrich Kraus published a book on electrocardiography, Das Elektrokardiogramm des gesunden und kranken Menschen. In 1914 he wrote the anti-war Manifesto to the Europeans, which only three other German intellectuals including Albert Einstein signed, and during the war he published The Biology of War. He fled to Switzerland in 1917, returned to Berlin in 1918, emigrated in 1922 to teach physiology at Córdoba in Argentina and later in Chile, and died in Santiago in 1964.