Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, usually abbreviated HSCT, is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually taken from bone marrow, peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood, so that they replicate inside a patient and produce new normal blood cells. It may be autologous, using the patient's own stem cells, syngeneic, using cells from an identical twin, or allogeneic, using cells from a donor, and before an allogeneic or autologous transplant the recipient's immune system is usually suppressed with radiation or chemotherapy. HSCT is most often performed for cancers of the blood or bone marrow such as multiple myeloma, leukemia and some lymphomas, as well as for immune deficiencies, and as survival outcomes have improved its use has expanded to autoimmune diseases and inherited conditions such as osteopetrosis and mucopolysaccharidosis.
Facts
FAQs
What is graft-versus-host disease after a stem cell transplant?
A complication of donor transplants in which the donor white blood cells attack the recipient tissues, damaging organs such as the skin, liver and intestines.
The National Cancer Institute describes graft-versus-host disease as a serious problem that can follow an allogeneic transplant, one that uses donor cells. It occurs when white blood cells from the donor, called the graft, see cells in the recipient, called the host, as foreign and attack them, which can damage the skin, liver, intestines and many other organs. It is called acute when it occurs within the first 3 months after the transplant and chronic when it occurs 3 months after a transplant or later. The institute says it can be treated with steroids or other drugs that suppress the immune system, and that the risk is lower the closer the donor stem cells match the recipient, when immune-suppressing drugs are given, or when the donated cells are treated to remove the T cells that cause it.
Connections
Treats
Source Alpha-mannosidosis (MedlinePlus Genetics)
Source National Organization for Rare Disorders: Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
Sources
1. Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia Foundation
Stem-Cell Therapy (Wikipedia)
WikipediaWikipedia, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, History section, first paragraph
In 1939, a woman with aplastic anaemia received the first human bone marrow transfusion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation, lead section
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood, in order to replicate inside a patient and produce additional normal blood cells.
View the Source National Organization for Rare Disorders: Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
National Organization for Rare DisordersTreats: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Treatment, replacing the deficient enzymeQuote, Treats: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, Treatment, replacing the deficient enzyme
Another method to replace the enzyme in patients is to perform hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) or bone marrow transplantation.
Alpha-mannosidosis (MedlinePlus Genetics)
Treats: Alpha-mannosidosis, sentence that names a treatment of the conditionQuote, Treats: Alpha-mannosidosis, sentence that names a treatment of the condition
Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1396/ Citation on PubMed Grewal SS, Shapiro EG, Krivit W, Charnas L, Lockman LA, Delaney KA, Davies SM, Wenger DA, Rimell FL, Abel S, Grovas AC, Orchard PJ, Wagner JE, Peters C. Effective treatment of alpha-mannosidosis by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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