Cancer treatments that physically remove, cut away or locally destroy tumor tissue through an operation or a minimally invasive procedure, rather than treating the whole body with a drug or a beam. This includes named surgical operations (Mohs surgery, cytoreductive surgery, debulking, axillary dissection, inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, polypectomy, trachelectomy, vaginectomy, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy, endoscopic submucosal dissection, cryosurgery), and the non-surgical local and interventional techniques that destroy or deliver treatment directly at the tumor site by a physical rather than a systemic or radiation-based mechanism (cryoablation, microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation, irreversible electroporation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, oncotripsy, sonodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and their combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia therapy, lasers in cancer treatment, alternating electric field therapy, portal vein embolization, limb perfusion, percutaneous hepatic perfusion). A locally delivered technique whose active agent is a radioactive isotope or a chemotherapy drug is grouped instead under radiation therapy or chemotherapy regimens even when it is performed as a procedure.