Clinical Physician-Scientists of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

American physician, geneticist

American physician, medical researcher

was an American pediatrician and virologist

He was President of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Fellow of the Royal Society of London

Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke (26 August 1842-19 May 1922) was a German internist and surgeon.

His interest in cardiovascular research led him to accept the position

was a Russian clinician, therapist, and activist

lecturer at the medical school of the University of Edinburgh in the 19th century

was appointed Adjunct Professor of Internal Medicine and Experimental Cardiology at Hanover Medical School in 2002

was a French medical doctor born in Provence

was a German dermatologist, and psychiatrist

was a Canadian physician, educator, sculptor, athlete, soldier and Scouter

Ebstein's anomaly is named for him.

cofounder of modern western medicine in Japan

He published extensively on medical topics

führte er unter Berücksichtigung klinischer Befunde die funktionelle Betrachtung des Krankheitsgeschehens in die Medizin ein

das sieben Auflagen erreichte und in sechs Sprachen übersetzt wurde

co-founder of the experimental pathology in Germany

professor of special pathology and therapy at the Imperial University of Dorpat

landmark textbook on pathological physiology that laid a scientific basis for clinical medicine

He is known for his measurement of mean normal human body temperature of 37

Sahli was involved in almost all aspects of internal medicine

he was the director of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Science) at the clinic of Goethe University Frankfurt

He is particularly known for discovering Da Costa's syndrome (also known as soldier's heart)

in 1881 he was admitted to the medical faculty as Privatdozent

Bernhard Naunyn (2 September 1839-26 July 1925) was a German pathologist, born in Berlin.

He is considered the founder of phoniatrics as a medical discipline.

investigated scientifically health problems and social problems related to alcohol and tobacco

He is known for his studies of rectal cancer and urgent diagnosis.

Morbus Fabry, die er 1898 zeitgleich mit William Anderson als erster beschrieb

Ryglidelsen Scheuermanns sygdom er opkaldt efter ham

In 1880, with Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs, he founded the Zeitschrift für klinische Medizin; in 1881 he founded the Gesellschaft für innere Medizin.

Von Dungern worked at the Heidelberg Institute for Experimental Cancer Research where he was the director of the scientific section.

extensively studied pleurisy and liver conditions including hydatid disease and epidemic hepatitis

was a German physician, biologist, Social Darwinist, and eugenicist

was a medical doctor and Irish amateur tennis player

was a German Jewish physician and lecturer on philosophy

(1994-01-11)11 January 1994) was a Nazi physician in the SS during World War II

was an American physician who served as the fourth governor of Arizona

In 1876 he described the irregular pulse associated with atrial fibrillation.

Maclagan was appointed to the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence and Public Health at the University of Edinburgh in 1862

Im J. 1859 erhielt L. einen Ruf als Professor der medicinischen Klinik nach Breslau

Oberamtsarzt in Eßlingen in Württemberg

als ein bald sehr beschäftigter und hochangesehener Arzt zu Stäfa am Zürichsee nieder

Ab 1858 lebte er als Arzt in Bremen und bekleidete dort wichtige leitende Stellungen im öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen

1878 wurde er Assistenzarzt an der psychiatrischen Abteilung der Berliner Charité

From 1890 to 1911, he was chief physician at Obukhovskaya Hospital.

was appointed professor of medicine and head of the department of internal medicine at the University of Jena

he published a 19-volume medical textbook titled Spezielle Pathologie und Therapie

In 1863 he became director of psychiatry at the Juliusspital in Würzburg, and in 1872 took on additional responsibilities as director of dermatology.

From 1933 Groscurth worked as an internist at the Robert Koch Hospital in Berlin

was a Scottish surgeon physician, philosopher and writer

In 1863 he was appointed a full professor of dermatology and venereal diseases in Munich

he later served as a full professor of therapy (from 1802) and physics and pathology (from 1820)

In 1860 Biermer was the first to describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 5-year old Maria Speyer.

Curschmann is remembered for the 1894 publication of "Klinische Abbildungen" (Clinical Illustrations), a collection of photos involving changes to the outer human form caused by internal disease.

he started the nutrition department in Mexico City's General Hospital, and later received an assignment to start the National Institute of Nutrition

was a German physician who helped establish Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of bacterial pneumonia

was a German medical doctor born in Harburg

In 1776 he published a classification of skin diseases, Doctrina de morbis cutaneis.

Haas performed the first human hemodialysis treatment.

was a German medical doctor and explorer who was a native of Lübeck

was a German medical doctor

was an English surgeon

became a physician in Kaprijke and later in Ghent

worked as a doctor and writer

In 1836, he was appointed the director of military hospitals in Cairo.

He is known for the eponymous Rinne test.

Tietze syndrome is named after him.

As a Professor of Hygiene at the University of Marburg

American urologist and academic surgeon

has been a diplomate of the American Board of Otolaryngology since 1972

a full professor of pathology and therapy from 1862 to 1899

From 1884 to 1886, he researched leprosy in the Hawaiian Islands.

He developed an interest in rectal surgery

he became a full professor of pathology at the University of Bamberg

Troisier's sign, a hard, enlarged, left supraclavicular lymph node

He 1892 he was named professor of internal medicine at the University of Breslau.

Back in Davos, he published over 70 scientific papers, many of which dealt with the fight against tuberculosis and other plagues.

In 1896, the first six-inch induction coil was imported into New Zealand by Hosking at Masterton.

Morawitz was a pioneer in the study of coagulation

he became director of the polyclinic and a professor at the University of Breslau

He oversaw the building of the Barmbecker Krankenhaus in Hamburg, of which he became director in 1913.

In 1841 he established a health spa at Bad Rehburg on behalf of the government.

Together with Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, he was the founder of the Modern Medical School of Vienna

was an American physician and cancer researcher

was an Austrian physician, born to a Jewish family from Bohemia, who played an important role in introducing modern medicine in Iran.

In 1815 he explained inflammatory processes associated with endocarditis.

In 1852 he was appointed professor of special pathology at the medical clinic of the University of Heidelberg

Ewald is remembered for investigations of gastric secretions, and the introduction of intubation as a medical aid in gastric analysis

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, an inflammatory response that he noted following treatment for syphilis, is partially named after him.

He built histopathology and parasitology laboratories at the hospital

was considered one of the top clinical physicians during the early part of the 19th century

was a German physician and explorer of Africa.

Eisenmenger described signs of low blood oxygen levels

He went on to develop a system of clinical exams to diagnose and treat soft tissue lesions

He is best known for establishing the private medical practice that later evolved into the Mayo Clinic.

a masterly clinical teacher and as a brilliant diagnostician

Karl Gottfried Konstantin Dehio (27 May 1851, Reval, 26 February 1927) was a Baltic German internist and professor of pathology.

rendered eminent by his skill as a physician

experimented on the actions of several novel drugs, which he introduced into practice

Esselstyn is director of the Heart Disease Reversal Program at the Cleveland Clinic.

He is credited with the discovery of low level laser therapy.

Scottish physician who worked with Linus Pauling on Vitamin C research

was a French medical doctor and the pre-eminent forensic medical scientist of the mid-19th century

He was appointed professor of clinical medicine at the Salpêtrière in 1799.

Austrian American pathologist, surgeon and urologist

In 1888 Fallot described in detail the four anatomical characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot

two years at UCLA as a Medical Research Council Scholar in gastrointestinal physiology

was a Genevan-born medical doctor who became a British citizen in 1800

A leader in pioneering medical education in the United States, Smith founded or co-founded Dartmouth Medical School

Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ kaznav]; 5 May 1795-9 April 1877) was a French dermatologist who practiced medicine at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris.

he won the Jacksonian prize for his investigations on tetanus

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) in 1889.

In June 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

is an American physician, engineer, and NASA astronaut

is a Dutch physician and ESA astronaut

in 1869 was appointed professor and chief physician of the second department for syphilis at General Hospital Vienna

He also wrote books on the history of science, on Isaac Newton and on Mendelism in human genetics.

He obtained a good practice as a physician

In 1980, he became professor of oncology at the University of Montpellier

Brunicardi's research interests focus upon translational genomic medicine and surgery.

Saugrain was the first physician west of the Mississippi River to use the Jenner cowpox vaccine

A nationally renowned surgeon and researcher

spent nearly 40 years in China as a doctor, surgeon, translator, and medical missionary

He made contributions in his research of pertussis, hemiglossitis, exophthalmic goitre, and glandular angina.

The Korányi's sign is named after him.

he demonstrated that a filter made of cotton-wool was effective in removing microbes such as bacteria from air

Stein practiced medicine in the Boston area for 25 years.

He was Professor of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Hygiene at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo) from 1824 until 1865.

Stanislas Laugier (28 January 1799-15 February 1872) was a French surgeon and medical doctor.

Isidoro Falchi (Montopoli in Val d'Arno, 26 April 1838, Campiglia Marittima, 30 April 1914) was an Italian medical doctor and self-taught archaeologist.

whose name is associated with two cardiovascular syndromes

Dao's research showed that more conservative approaches in which the mastectomy was not performed immediately

he became first medical superintendent of the Lord Mayor Treloar Cripples' Hospital and College

Leichtenstern is remembered for publishing articles on almost every facet of medicine.

was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London

is a German physician, medical editor

he later became a professor of internal medicine and pharmacology

in 1980 elected president, of the General Medical Council of Great Britain

president of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1998 to 2001

Gustavo Bounous was a research medical doctor.

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 30

In 1879 he described Ord's thyroiditis.

He served at various divisional and district hospitals simultaneously because of the acute shortage of doctors at that time.

He worked as a MacKeddie Research Fellow at the Baker Medical Research Institute for four years, where his work was concerned hypertension and renal disease.

had begun a research towards a cure for cancer

Winiwarter is credited for providing an early description of thromboangiitis obliterans.

the third chair of clinical surgery at the Charité (1867-1884)

became the first president of the Fukuoka Medical College

In 1923 he started running the Hospital for Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases in Golnik

known for her research in blood chemistry

Wilbur was a clinical professor at the Stanford Medical School from 1930 to 1966

he succeeded Otto Nägeli (1871-1938) as an associate professor of internal medicine and director of the medical polyclinic

published prolifically in medical journals

went as a military doctor to the Dutch Indies (Java, Sumatra)

worked as a sanatorium director and tuberculosis specialist in Citronelle, Alabama and Chicago, Illinois

was the first physician to discover the healing effect of the high-Alpine climate on tuberculosis

Beck also carried out other work on nerves

Prevention of arterial thromboembolism with acetylsalicylic acid. A controlled clinical study in patients with aortic ball valves (1977)

Vohidov was the author of more than 180 scientific works, which deal with the research of almost all areas of surgery

was a German physician who invented a test for pentoses using orcinol

It is believed that Friedberg wrote the first description of CLOVES syndrome.

remembered for describing Bitot's spots

qualified as a physician and surgeon in 1917

Pierre Malcom Guay (March 26, 1848, February 19, 1899) was a physician, surgeon and political figure in Quebec.

which led to his election as Fellow of the Royal Society in 1871

American physician, educator and lay Christian missionary

He was the first to separate chancroid and indurated syphilitic chancre

Became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians

he was awarded a silver medal at the Jamestown Exposition for his researches into the uses of radium in medicine

he led a team of clinicians and scientists that developed the PREDICT breast cancer treatment and survival model

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor at the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

In his day Ian Sneddon was such a figure in dermatology.

was a physician and scientist

notably posited the then-controversial idea that doctors were capable of carrying puerperal fever from patient to patient

Thomas Addison began his career at Guy's Hospital in 1817, eventually becoming a full physician in 1837.

Among his many achievements was the discovery of a disease

forefather of Swedish internal medicine

was a Swiss physician best known for his research on heliotherapy

was a British physician, surgeon, Professor of Medicine in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)

was a medical doctor, co-founder and professor of Harvard Medical School

was an American medical doctor, botanist, and educator

was a French medical doctor

was an Anglo-Welsh medical doctor

was an Icelandic medical doctor and naturalist

was a German medical doctor from Bonn

was a French physician who pioneered in psychiatry and dermatology

was a British physician and professor at the University of Edinburgh

was a British physician and medical author

was an English physician

was a British medical doctor and early opponent of vaccination

was a French physician, writer and editor

was an Italian physician and scientist

was a Scottish physician and medical author

Adolf Kussmaul (German: Carl Philipp Adolf Konrad Kußmaul; 22 February 1822-28 May 1902) was a German physician and a leading clinician of his time.

Crawford Williamson Long (November 1, 1815, June 16, 1878) was an American surgeon and pharmacist best known for his first use of inhaled sulfuric ether as an anesthetic.

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (German: [ˈɪɡnaːts ˈfɪlɪp ˈzɛml̩vaɪs]; Hungarian: Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp [ˈsɛm(ː)ɛlvɛjs ˈiɡnaːts ˈfyløp]; 1 July 1818-13 August 1865) was a Hungarian medical doctor and scientist of German descent who was an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures, known as the "saviour of mothers".

His skill at carving his own wooden flutes led him to invent the stethoscope in 1816, while working at the Hôpital Necker.

Richard Bright (28 September 1789-16 December 1858) was an English physician and early pioneer in the research of kidney disease.

He is best known for the invention of an easy-to-use cuff-based version of the mercury sphygmomanometer for the measurement of blood pressure.

Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann (Forssmann in English; German pronunciation: [ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈfɔʁsˌman] ; 29 August 1904-1 June 1979) was a German researcher and physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine (with Andre Frederic Cournand and Dickinson W. Richards) for developing a procedure that allowed cardiac catheterization.

Willem Johan "Pim" Kolff (February 14, 1911, February 11, 2009) was a pioneer of hemodialysis, artificial heart, as well as in the entire field of artificial organs.

Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet (; July 12, 1849, December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Osler created the first residency program for specialty training of physicians.