Psychotherapies built on cognitive and behavioral learning theory, treating a targeted thought pattern or observable behavior directly rather than working through unconscious conflict or life history. This includes classic cognitive behavioral therapy and its analytic and process variants (cognitive therapy, cognitive analytic therapy, cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, cognitive processing therapy, post-rationalist cognitive therapy), behavioral techniques such as applied behavior analysis, behavioral activation, behaviour therapy, aversion therapy, contingency management, habit reversal training, systematic desensitization and token economy, exposure-based protocols including exposure therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, emotional flooding and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational techniques such as motivational interviewing, motivational enhancement therapy and motivational therapy, and third-wave and integrative cognitive-behavioral approaches such as acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion-focused therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, metacognitive therapy and training, functional analytic psychotherapy, schema therapy, guided self-change and anger management. A therapy whose defining mechanism is uncovering unconscious material, or acting on the body or brain directly, is grouped elsewhere even when it also uses behavioral language.