Dyspareunia

Dyspareunia is persistent or recurrent pain experienced during sexual intercourse, occurring at the entrance to or deeper within the pelvis, and while it can affect anyone it is most often reported by women. Physical causes include infections, anatomical variation, reduced estrogen and vaginal atrophy, tissue injury from childbirth or surgery, and endometriosis, while psychological causes include fear of pain, vaginismus and anxiety following sexual trauma; in men it can arise from a tight foreskin, penile deformities such as Peyronie's disease, or prostate and urinary infections. The condition is recognized in the DSM-5 under genito pelvic pain or penetration disorder when symptoms persist for at least six months and cause significant distress, and it carries its own ICD-10 codes, F52.6 for the psychological form and N94.1 for the gynecological form. Care for dyspareunia typically spans gynecology, urology and psychology because both physical and psychological contributors are common.