Martin Ruland the Younger

Martin Ruland the Younger (11 November 1569 to 23 April 1611) was a German physician and alchemist, also known as Martinus Rulandus or Martin Rulandt. He was born in the Bavarian town of Lauingen, the son of the physician and alchemist Martin Ruland the Elder. He practised at Regensburg during the 1590s and became city physician there in 1594. He later worked at Prague, where he belonged to the retinue of Emperor Rudolf II, whose Habsburg court promoted the study of alchemy and astrology, and the emperor conferred nobility on him in 1608. His books on the subject include a 1606 work on the method of completing the philosopher's stone, a 1607 Defence of Alchemy and Progymnasmata alchemiae. His best known work is the Lexicon alchemiae, a dictionary of alchemy published in 1612, which the psychologist Carl Jung cited in his writings on alchemy and which Waite translated into English. He also edited his father's works.