Healers
Albert Sabin
Physician and Virologist
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Albert Sabin was a Polish-American physician and virologist who developed a live, orally administered polio vaccine using weakened poliovirus strains, an alternative to Jonas Salk's earlier injected inactivated vaccine. Sabin's oral vaccine, first used widely from 1961, was cheaper to produce, needed no needle, and induced longer-lasting intestinal immunity that could interrupt transmission within a community, making it the vaccine of choice for mass eradication campaigns for decades; its live virus, however, carries a very small risk of vaccine-derived paralytic polio that Salk's inactivated vaccine does not, a tradeoff this atlas already records as an open question.
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Jonas Salk, Healers Developed a competing, later polio vaccine strategy (live oral vs. Salk's injected inactivated vaccine); this atlas already records the eradication-strategy tradeoff as an open question.
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Live, oral vaccine, commercial use from 1961.
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