Émile Roux

Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1853 to 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, born in Confolens in Charente. After medical studies in Clermont-Ferrand and Paris he joined Louis Pasteur's laboratory in 1878 and worked with him on chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies, taking part in the public anthrax vaccination trial at Pouilly-le-Fort and in the rabies work that led to the first rabies vaccine. A co-founder of the Pasteur Institute, he later directed it and built its hospital, and with Alexandre Yersin he worked on diphtheria toxin, while the institute under his leadership produced the diphtheria antitoxin serum, in near-simultaneous rivalry with Emil Behring in Berlin. He was passed over for the first Nobel Prize in 1901 but received the Copley Medal in 1917, and he is regarded as a founder of immunology.