Medical Specialty

Public Health

Public Health and Preventive Specialties
Public Health
Origin Organized as a field in the nineteenth century sanitary reform movement, prompted by repeated cholera epidemics in industrial cities; Edwin Chadwick 1842 report on the sanitary condition of the labouring population and the resulting Public Health Act of 1848 in Britain are commonly cited founding milestones, building on the same era environmental thinking that also produced John Snow epidemiological work.

Public health is the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of whole populations, through disease prevention, sanitation, vaccination programs and policy, rather than treating individual patients one at a time. Its modern institutional form traces to nineteenth century sanitary reform movements responding to industrial urban epidemics, and it now spans epidemic and disaster response, environmental health, immunization campaigns and health education worldwide.

Facts
Origin Period
Organized as a field in the nineteenth century sanitary reform movement, prompted by repeated cholera epidemics in industrial cities; Edwin Chadwick 1842 report on the sanitary condition of the labouring population and the resulting Public Health Act of 1848 in Britain are commonly cited founding milestones, building on the same era environmental thinking that also produced John Snow epidemiological work. 2
Origin Year
1848 3
Classification
Type/Classification
Public Health Specialty 1
Public Health
Filter Results11 entries
FAQs

How does public health differ from treating individual patients?

It works on whole populations through prevention, sanitation, vaccination and policy.

Public health protects and improves the health of whole populations through disease prevention, sanitation, vaccination programs and policy, rather than treating individual patients one at a time.

Where does modern public health trace its institutional form?

Nineteenth century sanitary reform movements.

Its modern institutional form traces to nineteenth century sanitary reform movements responding to industrial urban epidemics.
Connections

Associated With

Cholera, Conditions

Contact tracing is a core public health disease control technique.

Fluoride therapy is a preventive public health and dental measure.

Isolation of infected patients is a core public health and infection control measure.

Malaria, Conditions

Needle and syringe programmes are a public health harm reduction measure.

Quarantine, Treatments

Quarantine is a core public health disease control measure.

Smallpox, Conditions

Water fluoridation is a public health measure to reduce dental disease.

Long-Form Articles

Notable Specialists

Source Wilhelm Olbers Focke (Deutsche Biographie)
Source Wilhelm Pfannenstiel (source article)
Source William Canniff (Wikipedia)

William Crawford Gorgas led sanitary and mosquito-control public health campaigns for the Panama Canal.

Showing 51 to 54 of 54 in Notable Specialists, page 2 of 2.

Sources
1. Public Health (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead section, sentences 1-2
Quote, Lead section, sentences 1-2
Public health is "the science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health.
View the Source
2. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity
Roy Porter, W. W. Norton and Company, 1997
  • Origin Period: Organized as a field in the nineteenth century sanitary reform movement, prompted by repeated cholera epidemics in industrial cities; Edwin Chadwick 1842 report on the sanitary condition of the labouring population and the resulting Public Health Act of 1848 in Britain are commonly cited founding milestones, building on the same era environmental thinking that also produced John Snow epidemiological work.
3. First Public Health Act
Main text, opening statement on the 1848 Act
Quote, Main text, opening statement on the 1848 Act
The 1848 Public Health Act was the first attempt by the government to enforce the clean up of towns in England and Wales.
View the Source
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source
Luther Terry (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Luther Terry, Lead and career sections [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Luther Terry, Lead and career sections [specialist-in]
was an American physician and public health official
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Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
an American bacteriologist and public health expert
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Max Rubner (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Max Rubner, Article text, specialty
Quote, Notable Specialists: Max Rubner, Article text, specialty
he became a member of the founding board of the German Society for Public Hygiene
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Michelle Bachelet (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Michelle Bachelet, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Michelle Bachelet, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
completed her medical studies, and subsequently worked in public health and government
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Johann Peter Frank (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Johann Peter Frank, Article text
Quote, Notable Specialists: Johann Peter Frank, Article text
an important figure in the early history of social medicine and public health
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Rupert Blue (source article)
Notable Specialists: Rupert Blue, Rupert Blue 1912-1920 section [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Rupert Blue, Rupert Blue 1912-1920 section [specialist-in]
he oversaw rat eradication and urban sanitation programs in San Francisco
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Samuel A. Cartwright (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Samuel A. Cartwright, Biography
Quote, Notable Specialists: Samuel A. Cartwright, Biography
He would go on to practice medicine across the south and gained a reputation as having an expertise in cholera prevention.
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Johann Christian Senckenberg (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Johann Christian Senckenberg, Career
Quote, Notable Specialists: Johann Christian Senckenberg, Career
from 1755 as "Physicus ordinarius" for the health service in Frankfurt
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Elfriede Paul (source article)
Notable Specialists: Elfriede Paul, Entry heading line, birth and death
Quote, Notable Specialists: Elfriede Paul, Entry heading line, birth and death
geb. 14.01.1900 Köln, gest. 30.08.1981 Ahrenshoop
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Johannes Hegetschweiler (Deutsche Biographie)
Notable Specialists: Johannes Hegetschweiler, Deutsche Biographie page, biography [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Johannes Hegetschweiler, Deutsche Biographie page, biography [specialist-in]
als Präsident des Sanitätsrathes, in der Ausarbeitung und Einführung der neuen Medicinalorganisation
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Wilhelm Olbers Focke (Deutsche Biographie)
Notable Specialists: Wilhelm Olbers Focke, Deutsche Biographie page, biography
Quote, Notable Specialists: Wilhelm Olbers Focke, Deutsche Biographie page, biography
Ab 1858 lebte er als Arzt in Bremen und bekleidete dort wichtige leitende Stellungen im öffentlichen Gesundheitswesen
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Arthur Schlossmann (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Arthur Schlossmann, Article text
Quote, Notable Specialists: Arthur Schlossmann, Article text
was a German pediatrician and social public health specialist
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Wilhelm Pfannenstiel (source article)
Notable Specialists: Wilhelm Pfannenstiel, Nazi career
Quote, Notable Specialists: Wilhelm Pfannenstiel, Nazi career
As a Professor of Hygiene at the University of Marburg
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Jean Noël Hallé (source article)
Notable Specialists: Jean Noël Hallé, Paragraph 3
Quote, Notable Specialists: Jean Noël Hallé, Paragraph 3
Hallé was a pioneer of hygienic reform in France
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Jim Yong Kim (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Jim Yong Kim, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Jim Yong Kim, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Kim chaired the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School
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Francisco Javier de Balmis (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Francisco Javier de Balmis, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Francisco Javier de Balmis, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
to vaccinate populations against smallpox
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Martha E. Rogers (source article)
Notable Specialists: Martha E. Rogers, Career
Quote, Notable Specialists: Martha E. Rogers, Career
She specialized in public health nursing
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Sir Gilbert Blane (Munk's Roll)
Notable Specialists: Gilbert Blane, Biography, provisioning
Quote, Notable Specialists: Gilbert Blane, Biography, provisioning
scurvy was soon banished from the fleet
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Friedrich Erismann (source article)
Notable Specialists: Friedrich Erismann, Lead section [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Friedrich Erismann, Lead section [specialist-in]
His interests soon turned to issues such as public health and conditions of the poor.
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Arthur Fallot (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Arthur Fallot, Body, 1888 chair
Quote, Notable Specialists: Arthur Fallot, Body, 1888 chair
he was made Professor of Hygiene and Legal Medicine in Marseille
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Margaret Hamburg (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Margaret Hamburg, Lead [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Margaret Hamburg, Lead [specialist-in]
is an American physician and public health administrator
View the Source
Hugh S. Cumming (source article)
Notable Specialists: Hugh S. Cumming, Lead section [in-group]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Hugh S. Cumming, Lead section [in-group]
fifth Surgeon General of the United States
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Élmer Huerta (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Élmer Huerta, Opening sentence [specialist-in 2]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Élmer Huerta, Opening sentence [specialist-in 2]
public health specialist in epidemiology
View the Source
James Ranald Martin (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: James Ranald Martin, Work [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: James Ranald Martin, Work [specialist-in]
His pioneering report on the need for public health measures and the universal provision of clean water in Calcutta in 1836
View the Source
Helia Molina (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Helia Molina, Professional career
Quote, Notable Specialists: Helia Molina, Professional career
She obtained a master's degree in public health at the University of Chile in 1999.
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Robin Miller (nurse) (source article)
Notable Specialists: Robin Miller (nurse), Biography, vaccination flights
Quote, Notable Specialists: Robin Miller (nurse), Biography, vaccination flights
carry out a vaccination programme
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Fred S. Clinton (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Fred S. Clinton, Lead paragraph
Quote, Notable Specialists: Fred S. Clinton, Lead paragraph
was very active in promoting public health infrastructure projects
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Han Qing-quan (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Han Qing-quan, Lead sentence [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Han Qing-quan, Lead sentence [specialist-in]
pioneer of modern medical service and public health in China
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Samuel Warren Abbott (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Samuel Warren Abbott, Lead paragraph
Quote, Notable Specialists: Samuel Warren Abbott, Lead paragraph
He was the first secretary of Massachusetts' first state board of health, serving from 1886 to 1904.
View the Source
William Canniff (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: William Canniff, Lead paragraph, profession
Quote, Notable Specialists: William Canniff, Lead paragraph, profession
was a surgeon, public health pioneer, historian and advocate of Canadian nationalism
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Joseph Heine (source article)
Notable Specialists: Joseph Heine, Lead sentence [in-group]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Joseph Heine, Lead sentence [in-group]
a high civil servant in the Bavarian health service in the Rheinkreis
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Naomi Deutsch (source article)
Notable Specialists: Naomi Deutsch, Career [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Naomi Deutsch, Career [specialist-in]
What every health officer should know: Public health nursing
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Angela Boškin (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Angela Boškin, Lead paragraph
Quote, Notable Specialists: Angela Boškin, Lead paragraph
where she became the first public health nurse.
View the Source
Sadie Heath Cabaniss (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Sadie Heath Cabaniss, Lead and body text of the English Wikipedia article [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Sadie Heath Cabaniss, Lead and body text of the English Wikipedia article [specialist-in]
heavily devoted to the cause of public health
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Cecilia Fire Thunder (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Cecilia Fire Thunder, Lead and body text of the English Wikipedia article [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Cecilia Fire Thunder, Lead and body text of the English Wikipedia article [specialist-in]
A founder of community-based health clinics while living and working in California for two decades
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John D. Thompson (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: John D. Thompson, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: John D. Thompson, Lead paragraph [specialist-in]
professor at the Yale School of Public Health
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Felix Huch (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Felix Huch, Lead
Quote, Notable Specialists: Felix Huch, Lead
who worked in the public health service
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Luke P. Blackburn (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Luke P. Blackburn, Lead sentence, profession
Quote, Notable Specialists: Luke P. Blackburn, Lead sentence, profession
He came to be regarded as an expert on yellow fever and often worked pro bono to combat outbreaks.
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Mary Baird (nurse) (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Mary Baird (nurse), Lead sentence [specialist-in]
Quote, Notable Specialists: Mary Baird (nurse), Lead sentence [specialist-in]
working as Northern Ireland's first health visitor
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Francis Kateh (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Francis Kateh, Career history
Quote, Notable Specialists: Francis Kateh, Career history
Public Health Director, Anson County, North Carolina- 2004-present
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Laura Attrux (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Laura Attrux, Lead paragraph
Quote, Notable Specialists: Laura Attrux, Lead paragraph
Thirty-five of these were as a public health nurse employed by the Alberta government in northern Alberta.
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Henry Littlejohn (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Henry Littlejohn, Medical Officer of Health
Quote, Notable Specialists: Henry Littlejohn, Medical Officer of Health
He served for 46 years as Edinburgh's first Medical Officer of Health
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Portal Brasil (Government of Brazil): Antonio Palocci e medico sanitarista e tem mais de 20 anos de vida publica
Portal Brasil (Government of Brazil)Notable Specialists: Antonio Palocci, Lead paragraph
Quote, Notable Specialists: Antonio Palocci, Lead paragraph
O médico sanitarista Antonio Palocci, que assumirá a Casa Civil do governo Dilma, foi ministro da Fazenda de janeiro de 2003 a março de 2006.
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Jessie Sleet Scales (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Jessie Sleet Scales, Lead
Quote, Notable Specialists: Jessie Sleet Scales, Lead
Scales contributed to the development and growth of public health nursing in New York City
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Mary Sewall Gardner (Wikipedia)
Notable Specialists: Mary Sewall Gardner, Nursing career, Public health
Quote, Notable Specialists: Mary Sewall Gardner, Nursing career, Public health
Under her leadership it was one of the most progressive public health organizations for its time.
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