Cancer treatments built on cytotoxic and antineoplastic drugs, including chemotherapy itself and the standard multi-drug combination regimens identified by their clinical acronyms (7+3, ABVD, BEACOPP, CAPOX, CHOP, CMF, COPP, DHAP, EPOCH, ESHAP, FLAG, FLOT, FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX, FOLFOX, Hyper-CVAD, ICE, MOPP, Stanford V, VAMP), along with the treatment-phase and scheduling concepts built around chemotherapy delivery (adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy, induction chemotherapy, consolidation therapy, metronomic therapy, and evolutionary therapy's adaptive dosing strategy) and the procedures that deliver a chemotherapy drug directly into or near a tumor (chemoembolization, transarterial chemoembolization, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, electrochemotherapy, time delay toxin activation), plus the paired protocols that combine chemotherapy with another modality under a chemo-led name (chemoradiotherapy, the Nigro protocol) and the laboratory test used to guide chemotherapy drug selection (chemosensitivity assay). A regimen or procedure whose defining mechanism is radiation, surgery or the immune system rather than a cytotoxic drug is grouped elsewhere even when a chemotherapy drug is also involved.