Pre-modern treatments and compounded remedies grounded in the humoral theory of disease or in the broader tradition of hand-mixed, patent-marketed cure-alls that preceded modern pharmacology, rather than in manual body work, water, energy claims or a discrete surgical operation. This includes the core humoral interventions used to expel or rebalance the body's four humors (bloodletting, purgative therapy, blistering therapy, cupping therapy, cauterization, leech therapy, hirudotherapy, autologous blood therapy, xenotransfusion, seton stitch, counterirritant, mustard bath, mustard plaster, poultice, powder of sympathy), the classical and medieval compounded panaceas and antidotes (theriac, mithridate, catholicon), the metal- and mineral-based historical pharmacotherapies later shown toxic or superseded (mercurial therapy, mercury treatment, Fowler's solution, chrysotherapy, kaolin and morphine), and the commercial patent medicines, tonics and remedy brands sold under exaggerated claims (patent medicine, snake oil, Radithor, lithia water, tar-water, Revalenta Arabica, Doktor Koster's Antigaspills, Klosterfrau Melissengeist, Tilden's Extract). A remedy whose defining claim rests on manual manipulation, water immersion, an energy or electrical force, or a discrete cutting operation is grouped instead under this atlas's other historical-practice groups even when it also involves a compound or a classical humoral rationale.