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Facial Feminization Surgery

Surgical Procedure

Facial feminization surgery is an umbrella term for a group of reconstructive surgical procedures that reshape masculine facial features into a more feminine appearance. It is performed almost exclusively on trans women and other transfeminine people, typically addressing the forehead, nose, chin and jawline, since feminizing hormone therapy can redistribute facial fat but cannot alter masculine bone structure. Because of this, the surgery is considered medically necessary treatment for gender dysphoria in many cases, and some United States states now require health insurers to cover it.

Facts
Classification
Status
Standard of Care 1
Origin Year
1982 2
Sources
1. Wikipedia
Wikipedia contributors, Wikimedia Foundation
2. Facial feminization surgery (Wikipedia)
  • History section
    FFS was first considered in 1982 when surgeon Darrell Pratt, who performed genital reassignment surgeries, approached Douglas Ousterhout to operate on a trans woman.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_feminization_surgery, lead section
    Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is an umbrella term for surgical procedures that modify masculine facial features to achieve a feminine appearance using reconstructive surgery techniques.
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