Condition

Tuberculosis

Also Known As Consumption; TB; Phthisis
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most often affecting the lungs, historically called consumption for the wasting it produced. It was among the leading causes of death in nineteenth-century Europe and, per the World Health Organization, remains one of the world's leading infectious killers. Robert Koch identified the causative bacillus in 1882, a discovery that helped establish germ theory; effective antibiotic treatment did not arrive until streptomycin's introduction in the 1940s.

Facts
Condition Class
infectious, bacterial, chronic 3
Causative Agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3
First Described
1882 4
Marks Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis bacillus, not the first recognition of the disease itself, which is far older.
First Described (Era)
Skeletal evidence of tuberculosis has been found in human remains thousands of years old, and the Greek physician Hippocrates described the disease, under the name phthisis, circa 400 BCE. 4
Prevalence
An estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis in 2022, and it remained one of the world's leading infectious causes of death, according to World Health Organization data. 5
Classification
Body SystemSourced to the subject's own account
Respiratory System 1
ICD-10 Chapter
I: Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 2
Communicable or Non-communicable
Communicable 2
Transmission RouteSourced to the subject's own account
Airborne 1
Causative Agent
Causative Agent (category)
Bacterial 3
Tuberculosis
Filter Results3 entries
FAQs

Who identified the bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

Robert Koch, in 1882.

Robert Koch identified the causative bacillus in 1882, a discovery that helped establish germ theory.

Why was tuberculosis once called consumption?

Because of the wasting it produced.

It was historically called consumption for the wasting that the disease produced.
Connections

Associated With

Germ Theory of Disease, Discoveries

Koch's 1882 identification of the tuberculosis bacillus is part of the same evidentiary program, Koch's postulates, that established germ theory.

Source The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of HumanityRoy Porter
Source Infectious Disease Subspecialties Career Information
X-rays, Discoveries

Chest radiography became central to tuberculosis diagnosis and to twentieth-century mass screening campaigns.

Source The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of HumanityRoy Porter

Long-Form Articles

Treated By

Effective treatment requires a multi-drug antibiotic regimen (streptomycin from the 1940s, later isoniazid and rifampin) sustained for months; a single antibiotic alone permits resistant strains to emerge.

Source The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of HumanityRoy Porter
Source BCG vaccine (Wikipedia)
Colloidal Silver, Treatments
Source Medical uses of silver (Wikipedia)
Source Contact tracing (Wikipedia)

Directly observed treatment, short course, known as DOTS, is the World Health Organization strategy for treating tuberculosis.

Gerson Therapy, Treatments
Source Max Gerson (Wikipedia)
Source Management of tuberculosis (Wikipedia)
Source Ozone therapy - Wikipedia
Source Streptomycin (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases

Addressed By

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Source Active household contact screening for tuberculosis in Afghanistan, PLOS One 2020Page text
Quote, Page text
From 2011 to 2018, the Afghanistan NTP released guidelines for passive and active contact screening of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases.

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Source Gavi VaccinesWork: 50 years of progress, how Bangladesh chose healthsection Bangladesh bets on vaccines, six-disease paragraph
Quote, section Bangladesh bets on vaccines, six-disease paragraph
About a third of those deaths were attributable to the six diseases targeted by the country's vaccination programme at that time: measles, tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis

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Source National Tuberculosis Control Programme Bangladesh: About NTPAbout NTP page, DOTS adoption paragraphtier 1
Quote, About NTP page, DOTS adoption paragraph
NTP adopted the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) strategy, from November 1993

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Source Programa Nacional de Controle da TuberculosePage text
Quote, Page text
Coordenação-Geral do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (CGPNCT/DEVIT)

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Source Resistance and Renewal: Health Sector Reform and Cambodia's National Tuberculosis Programme (Bulletin of WHO, 2007)Hill PS, Eang MTprogramme history sectiontier 1
Quote, programme history section
In 1993, the Cambodian Ministry of Health and the recently re-established WHO country office relaunched the national tuberculosis (TB) programme

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Source Wikipedia: Tuberculosis in ChinaControl and prevention > Tuberculosis control before SARS section, sentence on the World Bank-funded first projecttier 3
Quote, Control and prevention > Tuberculosis control before SARS section, sentence on the World Bank-funded first project
implemented the DOTS strategy in 13 provinces between 1992 and 2001

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Source WHO AFRO: DRC - Ending Tuberculosis through Early Detectionarticle body, paragraph 2tier 1
Quote, article body, paragraph 2
In 2023, more than 260,000 cases were recorded, but according to the National Tuberculosis Programme this figure does not reflect the reality.

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Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Article text
Quote, Article text
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

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Source Tuberculosis management, WikipediaArticle text
Quote, Article text
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also

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Source Daily News Egypt: Egypt launches new strategy to eliminate tuberculosis by 2030Page text
Quote, Page text
praising its National TB Control Program as a global model for combating tuberculosis.

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Source Ethiopia Ministry of Health: Tuberculosis and Leprosy Pagestrategic plan targets listtier 1
Quote, strategic plan targets list
Reduce TB incidence from 151 to 91 per 100,000 population.

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Source Wikipedia: EXPAND-TBLead paragraph (launch year)tier 2
Quote, Lead paragraph (launch year)
EXPAND-TB (Expanding Access to New Diagnostics for TB) is a UNITAID-funded project launched in 2009, which aims to increase access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests in 27 endemic countries.

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Source Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance, Ghana (CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases)DOTS implementation statementtier 1
Quote, DOTS implementation statement
The directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been implemented in Ghana since 1994.

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Source pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: a unique, holistic and pioneering approach to drug procurement and managementPage text
Quote, Page text
The Global Drug Facility (GDF) for tuberculosis (TB) was launched on World TB Day 2001; it grew out of a declaration made a year earlier by countries attending the Ministerial Conference on TB and Sustainable Development in Amsterdam.

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Source Wikipedia: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and MalariaLead paragraph, first sentencetier 3
Quote, Lead paragraph, first sentence
The Global Fund, officially The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is an international financing and partnership organization

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Source Global Plan to End TB 2023-2030 Launched (European AIDS Treatment Group)opening dateline paragraphtier 1
Quote, opening dateline paragraph
The Stop TB Partnership today unveiled a costed plan for the world to end tuberculosis (TB), the second leading infectious disease killer in the world, after COVID-19.

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Source WHO Indonesia: Building Indonesia's Tuberculosis Strategy with Evidence and PartnershipPage texttier 1
Quote, Page text
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant health challenge in Indonesia.

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Source International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (Wikipedia)Lead
Quote, Lead
A healthier world for all, free of tuberculosis and lung disease

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Source WHO AFRO: Kenya celebrates immunization as more children are reached with RTS,Sarticle, target-diseases sentencetier 1
Quote, article, target-diseases sentence
These include tuberculosis, pneumonia, diarrhea, polio, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis, meningitis, yellow fever, malaria and cervical cancer.

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Source About Us (Kenya National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program)about us, goal statementtier 1
Quote, about us, goal statement
To accelerate the reduction of TB, Leprosy and lung disease burden through provision of people-centered, universally accessible, acceptable and affordable quality services in Kenya

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Source kncvtbplus.com: Who we are (KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation)Page text
Quote, Page text
KNCV has been fighting TB since its establishment in 1903 as a collaborative effort by several private local TB elimination initiatives in the Netherlands.

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Source kuhes.ac.mw: Malawi National TB and Leprosy Elimination Programme Releases Tuberculosis and Leprosy GuidelinesPage text
Quote, Page text
Overall, the ninth edition of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Guidelines represents a significant step forward in Malawi’s public health efforts, aiming to build a TB and leprosy-free future for the nation.

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Source CDC and Mozambique Work to Control TuberculosisPage text
Quote, Page text
Mozambique is among the 14 countries most affected by TB in the world.

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Source The Fourth National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in Myanmar (PLOS Global Public Health)Article author affiliations listtier 1
Quote, Article author affiliations list
National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar

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Source National TB Elimination Program (India), WikipediaHistory, opening paragraph
Quote, History, opening paragraph
then into the National Tuberculosis Elimination program in 2020

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Source Tuberculosis in Nepal, WikipediaArticle text
Quote, Article text
Detect 100% of new sputum smear-positive TB cases and cure at least 85% of these cases

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Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Operation ASHA, WikipediaLead paragraph
Quote, Lead paragraph
Operation ASHA (OpASHA) is a non-profit organization (NGO) founded in 2006 to bring tuberculosis (TB) treatment at economically feasible rates to disadvantaged communities.

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Source www.nih.org.pk: Pakistan National Tuberculosis Control ProgrammePage text
Quote, Page text
NTP strives for TB free Pakistan by reducing 50% prevalence of TB in general population by 2025 in comparison to 2012 through universal access to quality TB care and achieving Zero TB death.

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Source Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea: analysis of case notification and treatment-outcome data, 2008-2016 (WPSAR)Opening paragraph
Quote, Opening paragraph
This paper provides an overview of TB surveillance data at the national and subnational levels from 2008 to 2016.

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Source Bulletin of WHO: Building Political Commitment in Peru for TB Control (2007)Bonilla C, Bayona JCorrespondence text, opening historical sentencetier 1
Quote, Correspondence text, opening historical sentence
In 1990, the National TB Control Program became a national health priority, receiving government support to establish a programme that has been a model of efficiency at the global level.

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Source PMC: The Tuberculosis Profile of the Philippines, 2003-2011: Advancing DOTS and BeyondProgram management paragraphtier 1
Quote, Program management paragraph
The National TB Control Programme (NTP) is managed by a central team at the National Center for Disease Prevention and Control of the Department of Health.

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Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source SciELO SA: Tuberculosis Control in South Africa, Successes, Challenges and Recommendations (2014)Page texttier 1
Quote, Page text
The NTP is currently conducting a national drug resistance survey, the first national TB prevalence survey is planned, and an independent review of the NTP has recently been completed.

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Source Wikipedia: Stop TB PartnershipIntroduction, first sentence (founding year)tier 3
Quote, Introduction, first sentence (founding year)
The Stop TB Partnership was established in 2001 to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) as a public health problem.

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Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source About NTLP (National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Tanzania, official website)Body text, launch sentencetier 1
Quote, Body text, launch sentence
The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) was launched by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in 1977

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Source Wikipedia: TB Alliancehistory section, founding meeting sentencetier 2
Quote, history section, founding meeting sentence
TB Alliance was conceived at a February 2000 meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, where 120 representatives from academia, industry, major government agencies, non-governmental organizations and donors gathered to discuss the problems of tuberculosis treatment.

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Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Directly observed treatment, short-course (Wikipedia)Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization.

Also in Health and Wellness Atlas: a program that addresses this condition.

Source Makerere Lung Institute: National TB and Leprosy Programme Partner PageAbout NTLP partner pagetier 1
Quote, About NTLP partner page
The National TB and Leprosy Program (NTLP) is the program under the department of the National Disease Control in the Ministry of Health

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Source Unitaid, WikipediaMission section
Quote, Mission section
works with partners to bring about innovations to prevent, diagnose and treat major diseases in low- and middle-income countries, with an emphasis on tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS

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Source IJTLD: Establishment and Development of the National TB Control Programme in Vietnam (2005)Nguyen H et al.Abstract, sentence on NTP establishment in 1986tier 1
Quote, Abstract, sentence on NTP establishment in 1986
Data were obtained from the surveillance system established by the new NTP in 1986 and based on the principles now described as the WHO DOTS strategy.

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Source WHO: The End TB StrategyWorld Health OrganizationStrategy overview, adoption yeartier 1
Quote, Strategy overview, adoption year
WHO's post-2015 End TB Strategy, adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2014

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Source World Tuberculosis Day, WikipediaHistory section
Quote, History section
In 1982, on the one-hundredth anniversary of Robert Koch's presentation, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) proposed that 24 March be proclaimed an official World TB Day.

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Source NAC Zambia: Objectives and FunctionsPage text
Quote, Page text
The National HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council Act (2002) has outlined the following as the functions of the Council

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Source The Impact of Tuberculosis on Zambia and the Zambian Nursing Workforce (OJIN 2006)History sectiontier 1
Quote, History section
Since the time of Zambia's independence in October 1964, there has been a series of national programmes for tuberculosis. Initially, the new Zambian government established the National Tuberculosis Control Programme to monitor the incidence, prevalence, and treatment of tuberculosis in the country.

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Source afro.who.int: Zimbabwe on track to achieve the 2020 Global End TB Strategy milestonesPage text
Quote, Page text
The Ministry of Health and Child Care’s (MoHCC) National TB Programme (NTP) has scaled up TB diagnosis using the WHO recommended Rapid diagnostic tests with 87% coverage, introduced shorter and safer preventive TB treatment regimens, introduced child friendly formulations and a shorter all oral (injection free) treatment regimen for treating MDR-TB.
Sources
1. Tuberculosis (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia infobox, field/specialty parameter
    Infectious disease, pulmonology
  • Lead section, transmission-route statement
    Tuberculosis is spread from one person to the next through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.
View the Source
2. Wikipedia: ICD-10
WikipediaList of chapters, Chapter I
Quote, List of chapters, Chapter I
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
View the Source
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • Causative Agent (category): Bacterial
  • Condition Class: infectious, bacterial, chronic
  • Causative Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
View the Source
4. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity
Roy Porter, W. W. Norton and Company, 1997
  • First Described: 1882
  • First Described (Era): Skeletal evidence of tuberculosis has been found in human remains thousands of years old, and the Greek physician Hippocrates described the disease, under the name phthisis, circa 400 BCE.
5. World Health Organization Fact Sheets
  • Prevalence: An estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis in 2022, and it remained one of the world's leading infectious causes of death, according to World Health Organization data.
Infectious Disease Subspecialties Career Information
American College of PhysiciansAssociated With: Infectious DiseaseView the Source
Streptomycin (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationTreated By: Streptomycin, Lead section
Quote, Treated By: Streptomycin, Lead section
used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis
View the Source
Management of tuberculosis (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Management of Tuberculosis, Lead: treats Tuberculosis
Quote, Treated By: Management of Tuberculosis, Lead: treats Tuberculosis
A patient is expected to be free from all living TB bacteria after six months of therapy in Pulmonary TB or 8-10 months in Miliary TB. Latent tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is treated with three to nine months of isoniazid alone.
View the Source
BCG vaccine (Wikipedia)
Treated By: BCG Vaccine, Lead - treats-condition
Quote, Treated By: BCG Vaccine, Lead - treats-condition
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB).
View the Source
Ozone therapy - Wikipedia
Treated By: Ozone Therapy, Article text, use for Tuberculosis
Quote, Treated By: Ozone Therapy, Article text, use for Tuberculosis
In 1892 The Lancet published an article describing the administration of ozone for treatment of tuberculosis.
View the Source
Contact tracing (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Contact Tracing, Outbreaks
Quote, Treated By: Contact Tracing, Outbreaks
Diseases for which contact tracing is commonly performed include tuberculosis, vaccine-preventable infections like measles, sexually transmitted infections (including HIV), blood-borne infections, Ebola, bacterial infections, and novel virus infections (e.g., SARS-CoV, H1N1, and SARS-CoV-2).
View the Source
Max Gerson (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Gerson Therapy, Medical career
Quote, Treated By: Gerson Therapy, Medical career
By 1927, he was specializing in the treatment of tuberculosis, developing the Gerson-Sauerbruch-Hermannsdorfer diet, claiming it was a major advance in the treatment of tuberculosis.
View the Source
Medical uses of silver (Wikipedia)
Treated By: Colloidal Silver, Alternative medicine
Quote, Treated By: Colloidal Silver, Alternative medicine
Since about 1990, there has been a resurgence of the promotion of colloidal silver as a dietary supplement (used internally), marketed with claims of its being an essential mineral supplement, or that it can prevent or treat numerous diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, HIV/AIDS, herpes, and tuberculosis.
View the Source
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