Drugs, devices and behavioral interventions that prevent a disease or its complications in an individual, either before any exposure, immediately after one, or as an ongoing risk-reduction measure, rather than by vaccination or a population-level public health program. This includes drug-based prophylaxis (chemoprevention, chemoprophylaxis, malaria prophylaxis, pre-exposure prophylaxis broadly and its HIV-specific application, post-exposure prophylaxis broadly and its rabies-specific application, the thyroid blocker used against radioactive iodine exposure), device-based prophylaxis (the inferior vena cava filter and intermittent pneumatic compression, both used to prevent blood clots), preventive and protective techniques (remote ischemic conditioning, prevention of migraine attacks, the Swank diet used historically to slow multiple sclerosis progression, smoking cessation, first aid and basic wound-care products such as Elastoplast used to prevent a minor injury from worsening). A prophylactic measure whose active agent is a ready-made antibody is grouped instead under immunoglobulin and passive immunity products.