Interventions that act on the body or brain directly through a device, substance, procedure or altered state, rather than through conversation, relationship or behavioral rehearsal alone. This includes electrical and magnetic brain stimulation (electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial pulsed ultrasound, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, neuromodulation broadly), circadian and light-based protocols (light therapy, chronotherapy for sleep phase), hypnosis-based procedures (hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotic ego-strengthening procedure), psychedelic and dissociative-assisted psychotherapy (ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, psilocybin therapy, psychedelic therapy), and other physical or neurological interventions (physical restraint as a safety procedure, neurological reparative therapy, rehabilitation in neuropsychology). A therapy delivered alongside one of these procedures but organized around a talk-based cognitive, behavioral or psychodynamic mechanism is grouped under that mechanism instead.