Medical Specialty

Psychiatry

Neurological and Psychiatric Specialties

Origin Modern psychiatry traces to the asylum reform movement of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, associated with Philippe Pinels reforms in Paris, and was reshaped again by twentieth century psychoanalytic and biological approaches.

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders. Its modern form grew out of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century asylum reform movements associated with figures such as Philippe Pinel in France, and it was further reshaped in the twentieth century by psychoanalysis and, later, biological and pharmacological approaches. This atlas records what the historical record supports and is not medical advice.

Facts

Origin Period

Modern psychiatry traces to the asylum reform movement of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, associated with Philippe Pinels reforms in Paris, and was reshaped again by twentieth century psychoanalytic and biological approaches. 2

Classification

Type/Classification

Clinical Specialty 1

FAQs

Where did modern psychiatry grow from?

Asylum reform movements, associated with Philippe Pinel.

Modern psychiatry grew out of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century asylum reform movements associated with figures such as Philippe Pinel in France.

What reshaped psychiatry in the twentieth century?

Psychoanalysis, then biological and pharmacological approaches.

In the twentieth century psychiatry was reshaped by psychoanalysis and, later, by biological and pharmacological approaches.

Connections

Associated With

Addiction Medicine

Anxiety Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism

Bipolar Disorder

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder classified under psychiatric/behavioural conditions (DSM-5).

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Couples Therapy

Couples therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality.

Dance Movement Therapy

Dance movement therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality used within psychiatric and mental health care.

Depression

Dorothea Dix

Dix campaigned from the 1840s onward for the humane treatment of people with mental illness, driving the creation or expansion of dozens of state psychiatric hospitals across the United States and Europe.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Equine-Assisted Therapy

Equine assisted therapy is used as an adjunct psychotherapeutic and mental health intervention.

Gestalt Therapy

Gestalt therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality.

Narrative Therapy

Narrative therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality.

Neuroscience

Person-Centered Therapy

Person centered therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality developed within clinical psychology and psychiatry.

Play Therapy

Play therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality used in child and adolescent mental health care.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Rational emotive behavior therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality, an early form of cognitive behavioral therapy.

Recreational Therapy

Recreational therapy is used as an adjunct treatment within mental health and rehabilitative care.

Schizophrenia

Sex Therapy

Sex therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality addressing sexual dysfunction.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

Solution focused brief therapy is a recognized psychotherapeutic modality.

Long-Form Articles

The Slaughterhouse Observation Behind Electroconvulsive Therapy

Notable Specialists

Albert von Schrenck-Notzing

Source Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (source article)

Alexander Mitscherlich (psychologist)

Source Alexander Mitscherlich (1908-1982), International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis

American Psychiatric Association

Arthur Kronfeld

Source Arthur Kronfeld (Wikipedia)

Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich

Source Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich (Wikipedia)

Carl Wernicke

Source Carl Wernicke (Wikipedia)

Eduard Hitzig

Source Eduard Hitzig (Wikipedia)

Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy

Source Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy (Wikipedia)

Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben

Source Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben (Wikipedia)

Franz von Rinecker

Source Franz von Rinecker (Wikipedia)

Friedrich Jolly

Source Friedrich Jolly (Wikipedia)

Gabriel Anton

Source Gabriel Anton (Wikipedia)

Hoimar von Ditfurth

Source Hoimar von Ditfurth (Wikipedia)

Hugo Liepmann

Source Hugo Liepmann (Wikipedia)

Irmfried Eberl

Source Irmfried Eberl (Wikipedia)

Iwan Bloch

Source Iwan Bloch (Wikipedia)

Karen Horney

Source Karen Horney (Wikipedia)

Karl Bonhoeffer

Source Karl Bonhoeffer (Wikipedia)

Karl Leonhard

Source Karl Leonhard (Wikipedia)

Karl von den Steinen

Source Karl von den Steinen (Deutsche Biographie)

Klaus Conrad

Source Klaus Conrad (Wikipedia)

Kurt Schneider

Source Kurt Schneider (Wikipedia)

Lucio Bini

Source Lucio Bini (Wikipedia)

Mathilde Ludendorff

Source Mathilde Ludendorff (Wikipedia)

Mental Research Institute

Michael Linden

Source Michael Linden (Wikipedia)

Oskar Panizza

Source Oskar Panizza (source article)

Oswald Bumke

Source Oswald Bumke (source article)

Paul Flechsig

Source Paul Flechsig (Wikipedia)

Paul Nitsche

Source Paul Nitsche (Wikipedia)

Peter Selg

Source Peter Selg (Wikipedia)

Philippe Pinel

Source Philippe Pinel (Wikipedia)

Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital

Salpetriere under Charcot was also a landmark site in the history of psychiatry, later influencing Sigmund Freud among others, well established in general histories of medicine.

Source A History of MedicineLois N. Magner

Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser

Source Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser (source article)

Theodor Meynert

Source Theodor Meynert (Wikipedia)

Theodor Ziehen

Source Theodor Ziehen (Wikipedia)

Ugo Cerletti

Source Ugo Cerletti (Wikipedia)

Viktor Frankl

Source Viktor Frankl (Wikipedia)

Wilhelm Griesinger