Cancer

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

a chemotherapy agent

used as a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers

A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer.

In other types of cancer where debulking is not curative, it is sometimes done with palliative intent to relieve mass effect.

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a form of radiotherapy that utilizes a high-energy collimated beam of ionizing radiation, from a source outside the body, to target and kill cancer cells.

Microwave ablation is a form of thermal ablation used in interventional radiology to treat cancer.

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy.

Fast neutron therapy utilizes high energy neutrons typically between 50 and 70 MeV to treat cancer.

Particle therapy is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment.

Brachytherapy is a type of radiotherapy, or radiation treatment, offered to certain cancer patients.

Targeted intra-operative radiotherapy, also known as targeted IORT, is a technique of giving radiotherapy to the tissues surrounding a cancer after its surgical removal, a form of intraoperative radiation therapy.

The surgery is effective in the treatment of recently diagnosed localized nasopharyngeal cancer for stage I patients.

Bowel resection may be performed to treat gastrointestinal cancer, bowel ischemia, necrosis, or obstruction due to scar tissue, volvulus, and hernias.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) refers to efforts to use electromagnetic radiation (most often in infrared wavelengths) for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer.

For example, maintenance chemotherapy may be given to people who have a cancer in remission in an attempt to prevent a relapse.

Diverse types of cancer can be treated via a multimodal approach, including non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer.

Treatment of lung cancer refers to the use of medical therapies, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, percutaneous ablation, and palliative care, alone or in combination, in an attempt to cure or lessen the adverse impact of malignant neoplasms originating in lung tissue.

Donor lymphocyte (or leukocyte) infusion (DLI) or buffy coat infusion is a form of adoptive immunotherapy used to treat relapses after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for several types of blood cancer.

Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP) is a regionalized, minimally-invasive approach to cancer treatment currently undergoing Phase II and Phase III clinical testing.

The treatment is in the early stages of development and is not yet widely available as a form of cancer therapy.

Alternating electric field therapy, sometimes called tumor treating fields (TTFields), is a type of electromagnetic field therapy using low-intensity, intermediate frequency electrical fields to treat cancer.

Autologous immune enhancement therapy (AIET) is a treatment method in which immune cells are taken out from the patient's body which are cultured and processed to activate them until their resistance to cancer is strengthened and then the cells are put back in the body.

Combining cryotherapy with immunotherapy enhances the immunostimulating response and has synergistic effects for cancer treatment.

Oncotripsy is a potential cancer therapy under development that selectively targets cancer cells by means of ultrasound harmonic excitation at their resonance frequency.

This method was successfully used for treatment of patients in later stages of lung, intestinal, and breast cancer, melanoma, and some other cancer types.

These drugs work through various mechanisms to kill or inhibit cancer cells to achieve the goal of treating malignant tumors.

Lasers are used to treat cancer in several different ways.

Combining ablation therapy of tumors with immunotherapy enhances the immunostimulating response and has synergistic effects for curative metastatic cancer treatment.

It is used most widely to treat tumors (cancer) or cardiac arrhythmias.

Chemoradiotherapy (CRT, CRTx, CT-RT) is the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer.

Induction chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of cancer with a chemotherapeutic drug.

FOLFOX is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of colorectal cancer, made up of the drugs folinic acid (leucovorin, FOL), fluorouracil (5-FU, F), and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin, OX).

FOLFIRI is a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of colorectal cancer.

Metronomic therapy is a type of chemotherapy in which anti-cancer drugs are administered in a lower dose than the maximum tolerated dose repetitively over a long period to treat cancers with fewer side effects.

It is one form of treatment for individuals with vaginal cancer or rectal cancer that is used to remove tissue with cancerous cells.

CAR T cell therapy is a cell therapy that uses T cells engineered with CARs to treat cancer.

Chemical castration is castration via anaphrodisiac drugs, whether to reduce libido and sexual activity, to treat cancer, or otherwise.

Adrenalectomy can also be done to remove a cancerous tumor of the adrenal glands, or cancer that has spread from another location, such as the kidney or lung.

The procedure is usually performed as a last resort in certain cases of cancer, vulvar dysplasia, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or as part of female genital mutilation.

The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes from one side of the neck into which cancer cells may have migrated.

Using FUS to enhance drug delivery to the brain could significantly improve patient outcomes for a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer.